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Let me preface this by saying that the following question is driven by (mostly) idle curiosity. I am not seriously considering replacing the keys on my bass clarinet with stainless steel ones.

I have been fascinated by Jim Schmidt's saxophones with his linear fingering system for a while now. I don't see myself getting one, but I think they are beautiful to look at and I applaud him for building them. One of the things that I think is most attractive to me is the look of the stainless steel keywork. It seems like it can get away with some very slender arms connecting some of those touchpieces, particularly in the pinky clusters and the thumb key. I haven't played one of the saxophones, but I imagine that these little arms must be sufficiently stiff that the keys are reasonable to use without undue flex.

I recently had a modification done to my Selmer 33 bass clarinet so that I can operate the D, C# and C thumb keys (the only way to play those notes on this horn) without using any pinky keys.

While it technically works, I'm now asking the D key to close 5 pads when it was only designed to close one. The amount of flex in the key means that the note will sound, but it sounds much, much stronger if I hold down any of the pinky keys to help do some of the work. The problem gets more pronounced going to the C# and C. It's good enough without any pinky keys for a fast passage and it makes trills and tremolos possible where before they were not (or were practically unfeasible), but I still need to hold down a pinky key to get a tone that's as strong as the notes above it in a slower passage. It's still a huge improvement because I can use any/i] pinky key instead of needing to use the Eb, which unlocks a ton of fast scales and patterns down there, but it is a little frustrating to feel that flex.

We've built up the right hand thumb keys with plumber's epoxy to get a little more leverage and a little less flex (reinforcing the keys), which helped a lot, but I feel like quite a bit of force from my hand to the pad is still being lost to flex. In fairness, though, I've played newer bass clarinets that have a similar issue where the thumb key by itself will not give as strong a tone in the extension notes as when you add any pinky key.

So, finally getting to my point: would hypothetical stainless steel keywork for the thumb keys be able to be made stiffer than the "nickel alloy" keys to the point that it would alleviate this problem? This is assuming comparable dimensions, identical mechanism, etc.

Again, I'm not thinking very seriously about doing this. The cost of doing this would almost certainly be a non-starter for me, since I lack everything needed to do this (knowledge of keywork design, access to materials, access to fabrication facilities, knowledge of fabrication techniques, etc). Just wondering on a Sunday morning while I have my coffee. I'll probably live with it as-is, since it's such a massive improvement already.
 

· Distinguished SOTW Member, Forum Contributor 2015-
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Let me preface this by saying that the following question is driven by (mostly) idle curiosity. I am not seriously considering replacing the keys on my bass clarinet with stainless steel ones...

So, finally getting to my point: would hypothetical stainless steel keywork for the thumb keys be able to be made stiffer than the "nickel alloy" keys to the point that it would alleviate this problem? This is assuming comparable dimensions, identical mechanism, etc.

Again, I'm not thinking very seriously about doing this. The cost of doing this would almost certainly be a non-starter for me, since I lack everything needed to do this (knowledge of keywork design, access to materials, access to fabrication facilities, knowledge of fabrication techniques, etc). Just wondering on a Sunday morning while I have my coffee. I'll probably live with it as-is, since it's such a massive improvement already.
Sure. Stainless steel is stronger and stiffer than brass - so are a lot of other materials, it remains very heavy. If you want to dream, dream large - this is one place that titanium alloys are appropriate - assuming you understand the issues of fabrication, joining, and rework/repair.
 

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I understand those issues enough to know that they are issues that I don't understand enough to tackle. Titanium is pretty crazy to join, though, right? I guess stainless isn't a walk in the park, either.

Though nowadays people are printing in Ti, which is cool. Though you would really have to get all the pieces exactly right straight from the printer, since filing, bending and working them to adjust for fit would be a real pain.

All gross overkill for my needs, but fun to think about.
 

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Yes, it is fun to consider the advances in tech. The company that I now consult for is studying residual stresses in additive-manufactured structures made of Ti-alloys.

I, too, have been thinking about some of these issues, and for weight and stiffness considerations would also consider making the long rods of carbon fiber tubes and structures.
 

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Hah! Yes, we neeeeeeed it.

Be well.
 

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Far more important than the stiffness or strength of the keywork material is the mechanical design of the keys. I see too many examples of long skinny tubes and long key arms with double bends and long skinny unsupported sections.

Without looking at any reference material, I believe titanium is actually considerably less stiff than Ni alloys or brass or SS on a volume basis; but it's so much less dense that you can make the structural members much bigger without incurring a weight penalty. So it's stiffer on a weight basis.

You've got to consider the loading on each part - bending of key arms, torsion of rods and hinge tubes, little loading at all on keycups; and you've got to consider how to join the different parts together.

I'd probably go looking at 6061 aluminum before stainless steel for woodwind keys. But before that I'd be looking at mechanical design.
 
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